The Relationship Between Eating Behaviour and Diseases Experienced by Malay Families in Medan

behavior is the way a person or group of people choose food


INTRODUCTION
Eating behavior is the way a person or group of people chooses food and consumes it. Good eating behavior is the behavior of daily food consumption in accordance with nutritional needs for a healthy and productive life (Afrina et al., 2019). The results of research by Sugiarto (2019) show that food consumption is related to the incidence of disease experienced by individuals.
Unhealthy eating behavior will have an impact on a person's health status (Afrina et al., 2019). Many health problems are caused by changes in lifestyle, diet, environmental factors, lack of physical activity and stress. Applying an unhealthy diet such as often consuming foods high in fat but low in fiber is the cause of various diseases in productive age (Siringoringo et al., 2022). Currently, many fast foods contain high fat and sodium, which can trigger various diseases. Eating foods that contain fat and cholesterol such as meat, offal, sweet foods and drinks, foods that contain salt can cause excess cholesterol levels in the blood and can cause heart disease and vascular disease, one of which is hypertension (Siringoringo et al., 2022).
Hypertension is one of the diseases that is a health problem worldwide because of its increasing prevalence and its association with cardiovascular disease, stroke, retinopathy, and kidney disease (Utama, F., et al., 2019).
ABSTRACT Background: Eating behavior is the way a person or group of people choose food and consume it. Unhealthy eating behavior will have an impact on health status. Each region in Indonesia has different eating habits. Eating behavior and habits can be classified as a reflection of the culture and characteristics of the region. The Malay tribe is known by the wider community with a variety of diversity such as culture, art, history to the typical food served. This study aimed to see the relationship between eating behavior and diseases experienced by Malay families in Medan. Methods: This research is quantitative with descriptive correlation approach. This research was conducted in Medan. The population in this study were Malay families living in Medan. The research sample was 177 people using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire and the data analysis used was Spearman Rho.

Results:
The results showed 148 respondents (83.6%) had poor eating behavior and 29 respondents (16.4%) had good eating behavior. A total of 145 respondents (81.9%) had a history of disease in the form of obesity, hypertension, gastritis, diabetes mellitus, and arthritis, while 32 respondents (18.1%) had no history of disease. The results of the Spearman rho statistical test obtained a significant number or p = 0.000 < (0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between eating behavior and diseases experienced by Malay Medan families. Eating foods that contain excessive fat and salt can cause hypertension. Acidic, spicy, fatty and gassy foods can stimulate an increase in lambug acid which causes gastritis. The habit of overeating as well as the habit of snacking on snacks causes a person to be overweight.
Several studies have shown that factors that can increase blood pressure include excessive salt consumption. In addition, frequent consumption of preserved foods has also been shown to have a significant relationship with the incidence of hypertension (Insani et al., 2021).
Foods such as acidic, spicy, fatty and gassy foods can stimulate an increase in stomach acid which causes gastritis. Fatty foods can also cause gastritis, this is because fatty foods take longer to digest. The fat content must be broken down into smaller particles in order to be absorbed by the small intestine. The longer the food is in the stomach, the longer the stomach will continue to produce stomach acid to help the digestive process. (

Result
The results showed that most of the age range 30-39 years as many as 65 people (37.9%), the last education of elementary school as many as 129 people (72.9%) and fisheries workers (fishermen) as many as 107 people (60.4%) and most respondents have an income per month.  The majority of respondents experienced hypertension, namely 28.8%. Hypertension is one of the diseases that is a health problem worldwide because its prevalence continues to increase (Utama, F., et al., 2019). Eating foods that contain fat and cholesterol such as meat, offal, sweet foods and drinks, foods that contain salt can cause heart disease and vascular disease, one of which is hypertension (Siringoringo et al., 2019). In accordance with research conducted by (Jingga & Indarjo, 2022) showed that there was a significant relationship between high salt consumption and the incidence of hypertension with a p-value of 0.040.
Research conducted at the Kamonji Health Center working area refugee camp, showed the results of 78 respondents whose diet was not good there were 31 respondents (39.3%) who suffered from hypertension, bivariate analysis showed p-value = 0.038 (p <0.05) which means that there is a relationship between diet and hypertension (Sagita et al., 2019).
Consuming seafood such as shrimp, squid, mussels and marinated fish are more at risk of hypertension, as they are foods with high fat and salt content. Excessive salt consumption can reduce the width of arterial vessels, which causes the heart to work harder to pump a larger volume of blood through the narrowed vessels (Nafi & Putriningtyas, 2023). Research by Sekti and Fayasari (2019) shows that unhealthy eating behavior in the form of decreased consumption of fruits and vegetables can also cause the body to experience nutritional deficiencies such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber. In addition to the body experiencing malnutrition, low consumption of fruits and vegetables results in the accumulation of fatty plaques in blood vessels due to saturated fats and trans fats, so that blood vessels constrict and require greater pressure to circulate blood throughout the body which causes hypertension.
The second most common disease experienced by families is arthritis, which is 22.6%.
Arthritis is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased uric acid levels in the blood (hyperuricemia). Consumption of foods with high purine content can cause purines to oxidize into uric acid (Ansyarullah et al., 2020). Excessive purine intake causes the accumulation of purine crystals to accumulate in the joints (Hamidi nizar syarif, et al, 2021 The results showed that 20 respondents were obese. Consuming foods that contain a lot of fat triggers obesity. Overeating habits and snacking habits cause a person to become overweight (Utama, F., et al., 2019). The results of research by Fatmawati (2019)