The Correlational Analysis of Aerobic Gymnastics and The Students' Physical Fitness, and Their Learning Motivation at STIKES Hang Tuah Surabaya

Background: Health and intelligence are two important things to increase knowledge in education. The physical health will support psychology health to increase motivation. The aims of the research are to correlational analysis on aerobic gymnastics the students’ physical fitness and their learning motivation at STIKES Hang Tuah Surabaya. 
Method: the research design is correlational analysis with cross sectional approach. The number of population are 58 with a sample of 50 was taken by simple random sampling. Univariate data were analyzed usingg the frequency distribution. Bivariate data were tested by using spearman rank with alpha <0.05. 
Results: The statistical test with spearman ranks showed a significant relationship between the aerobic gymnastic and the students’s physical fitness with p value of 0.022. There is a significant relationship between the aerobic gymnastic and their learning motivation with a p value of 0.027 which is smaller than alpha 0.05. 
Conclussion: The aerobic gymnastic is able to optimize the suplly, intake and oxygen use in forming ATP which has an impact on students’s physical fitness and their learning motivation. 
  
  
 


INTRODUCTION
Health and intelligence are two important things to increase knowledge in education. Health according to Law Number 36 of 2009 is a healthy state, both physically, mentally, spiritually, and socially enabling everyone to live a productive life (Kemenkes RI, 2018). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is not just freedom from disease but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Meanwhile, according to Howard Gardner, intelligence is the ability possessed by someone to make the best decisions and solve problems (Syarifah, 2019). A healthy physique will support the learning process. However, health must be balanced by learning motivation to support the best learning outcomes. According to Rianto (2005), motivation is something from within or outside of oneself that moves a person, organization, or community to do or not do something (Laka et al., 2020). One of STIKES Hang Tuah Surabaya's efforts to synergize the two things above is programmed aerobic gymnastics. Aerobics is one of the exercises where when individuals make movements, the body requires more oxygen input (Dewi & Rifki, 2020).
Motivation as a soft skill in the learning during the post-Covid-19 period, students will experience a decrease in motivation due to the prolonged lockdown. Likewise, at STIKES Hang Tuah Surabaya, students in various study programs must be prepared so they can anticipate post-covid effects related to learning motivation.
Based on data from interviews with 10 students, it was found that 7 students felt their bodies were fit after exercising. Then 5 out of 7 students said they were more motivated to learn, while 2 students felt mediocre. In addition, 3 students felt normal when they finished exercising and among the 3 students, only 1 (one) student said there was an increase in learning motivation while the other 2 felt there was no change in motivation after doing gymnastics. This needs special attention because, in the post-covid-19 era, health and motivation must continue to be improved. Scientific studies report that there are descriptions of emotional mental disorders in firstsemester nursing students in the form of depression, anxiety, and stress (Adik et al., 2020). (Zollinger, 2017) reported a positive correlation between aerobic exercise and student learning readiness, where most students felt aerobic exercise increased their energy and ability to carry out various academic activities.
Another study reported that aerobic exercise in a university environment can increase student learning motivation in class (Tamura et al., 2022).
In addition, there are many studies showing a relationship between sports and student learning motivation (Zheng et al., 2023 ;Ferriz-Valero et al., 2020 ;Young-Jones et al., 2022).
Low motivation can be caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include desire within oneself, the will to succeed, there is still hope and an optimistic outlook on future ideals. While extrinsic factors include learning motivation and needs, there is appreciation as a form of reward, for learning (Rahmawati et al., 2022). If students' motivation is low, it will affect students understanding of teaching materials.
Furthermore, it also has an impact on the quality of graduates and learning achievement. This has been conveyed in scientific studies where low learning motivation in students triggers and becomes the main trigger for a decrease in the quality of graduates (Laka et al., 2020 then the process will be less than optimal and have an impact on students' understanding of knowledge, achievement, and actualization (Riswanto & Aryani, 2017).
Strategic steps that can be taken to overcome the above problems are to optimize the various roles of the elements involved in the learning process.

Data Analysis
Univariate data were analyzed using the frequency distribution and bivariate data were tested using the Spearman Rank statistical test with alpha < 0.05.

Research Results
Data from the research results are presented in tabular form and scientific explanations related to data in the field.   Sports activities that are carried out properly based on seriousness, regularity, and rhythmic movements make sufficient energy in the muscles and biological combustion takes place in balance. This makes the blood flow in the hemodynamic system and the delivery of oxygen and ATP as metabolic products to be in the best homeostatic conditions so that the body is fitter.
Good and correct aerobic exercise will optimize the adequacy of oxygen and energy which will impact body fitness. In addition, the adequacy of energy in the limbic system will also affect stress adaptation and motivation. Seriousness following the rhythmic movements of aerobics will regulate energy needs so that ATP activity is always fulfilled throughout. Aerobic gymnastics that is done correctly with moderate to sub-maximal intensity is effective in optimizing oxygen uptake which is used as energy for physical activity (Dwijayanti & Firdaus, 2022).

This is in line with a scientific study by Rumpoko
& Sunjoyo (2020) where aerobics tends to be translated as the body's ability to take in, distribute and use oxygen to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Scientifically, aerobic gymnastics makes the body fitter because various physiological systems of the body feel the effects of this gymnastics. Rhythmic movements give the musculoskeletal system sufficient energy and the circulatory system becomes more effective in meeting tissue energy needs (Wen & Wang, 2017). Aerobic gymnastics from the point of view of the respiratory system has a positive impact on the respiratory muscles and supports the expansion of the chest cavity which affects the smooth diffusion of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A study explains that regular body movement exercises will increase the ability of the respiratory muscles to process biochemical changes that contribute to prolonged mechanical movements in the ventilation process (Powers et al., 2020). This allows for wider lung expansion, which increases a gas exchange in the diffusion process. In addition, blood circulation in the lung parenchyma will also have an impact on increasing O2 and Hemoglobin (Hb) bonds which are vital in life (Mazzeo & Liccardo, 2109). Apart from being respiratory, the physiological effects of aerobic gymnastics also positively impact cardiovascular function and are effective in inhibiting cell degeneration (Ginting & Sinaga, 2022). This is important in cardiorespiratory balance so that the body is always optimal and every part of the body's cells gets sufficient blood and energy supply (Indrayana & Yuliawan, 2019 ;Utamayasa, 2021). Aerobic gymnastics contribute sby improving the mechanisms of organs and organ systems, slowing down the process of decreasing function and increasing the body's resistance to infection (Harianja & Garini, 2021).
The adequacy of oxygen during aerobic gymnastics positively impacts the process of forming energy in the form of ATP. Movement mechanisms that are relatively regular and follow a rhythm can result in the optimization of aerobic metabolism that is balanced with oxygen input and energy output. Energy balance will strengthen the heart muscle and pump more blood throughout the body. Aerobic gymnastics fulfills the body's oxygen needs even though it is needed in large quantities (Dewi & Rifki, 2020).
Aerobic metabolism that takes place in the first 3 minutes can produce energy release when glycogen is broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to produce energy during gymnastics (Rosandi & Sudijandoko, 2022).
Some aerobic gymnastics is also reported to activate muscle groups that stimulate aerobic improve the haematological profile (Harianja & Garini, 2021) and relieve non-specific neck pain (Paraskevopoulos et al., 2023) as well as various other health benefits. As long as aerobics is done correctly and the intensity is maintained, various healthy and fit benefits can be felt. Based on Table 5, the results of statistical tests with Spearman ranks obtained a p-value of 0.027 which is smaller than α of 0.05. This shows that there is a significant relationship between aerobic gymnastics and student learning motivation. Structured interviews with students after participating in aerobics, especially for those who seriously feel their bodies are fresher, more enthusiastic, and motivated to learn in class.
Aerobic gymnastics as explained earlier affects the respiratory system, and circulation, and increases blood flow through the lungs so that oxygen can diffuse into the pulmonary capillaries. Based on the mechanism of transporting oxygen to cells and tissues and returning CO2 from cells and tissues to the lungs, it can be seen that erythrocytes and haemoglobin also contribute to the supply of oxygen to the body. In addition, aerobic gymnastics can also increase the production of erythrocytes and facilitate the transportation of blood that binds oxygen to the tissues (Vieali et al., 2019).
If this system works properly, the blood and energy needs of the central nervous system will be fulfilled properly. Cerebral metabolism will take place in homeostasis and ATP will be supplied as needed. If bleeding in the area of motivation control in the central nervous system is optimal, then student learning motivation will increase. Aerobic gymnastics with moderate intensity can increase oxygen consumption in the cerebral system. Previous studies have also explained that aerobic gymnastics activities can increase short-term memory's working power, which is important in information processing (Firdaus et al., 2019 ;Dwijayanti & Firdaus, 2022). According to Brown (2007), motivation can be cognitive behavioristic and constructivist in which the interaction of these elements influences the learning process (Christianto & Karin, 2019).
In addition, aerobic gymnastics is also useful in regulating mental stress and distress to maintain motivation and personal integrity.
Aerobic gymnastics, carried out gradually through stretching, strength, balance, muscle, and joint flexibility, will reduce distress and other psychological disorders (Permadi, 2019).
Decreased distress will increase individual coping abilities to be adaptive in processing any information in the learning process. Other research states that regular exercise is effective in treating chronic diseases and is beneficial in rejuvenating mental and physical health (Liu et al., 2019).
Mental health in individuals will have a positive impact on mood and motivation within the individual. If self-motivation is good, then psychologically a person will be encouraged to be enthusiastic and study hard. Scientific studies also prove that aerobic gymnastics which is routinely carried out as recommended can improve student learning outcomes (Dewi & Rifki, 2020). Easy and fun aerobic movements can increase intrinsic motivation and feelings of fun while learning in class. Respondents who said they were more motivated to learn looked more enthusiastic, more disciplined, had a high interest in reading, and were able to make problemsolving. This is by Sardiman (2018) that students who have high motivation will show enthusiasm, be diligent in doing assignments, be persistent in difficulties, have an interest in solving problems, not easily get bored with the same task, be able to hold on to their arguments when they feel confident in something.
Physiologically, aerobic gymnastics can optimize oxygen supply and ATP processes to provide strength internally to increase motivation.
Moderate to strong support that physical activity benefits cognitive function during the early and late periods of life span and in certain populations characterized by cognitive deficits (Erickson et al., 2019). This means that in this case, any regular aerobic movement of the body has benefits for physical health and also a positive impact on cognitive abilities. However, if the exercises are lacking and are not by the mechanics of rhythmic body movements, then the cerebral blood circulation may decrease which will result in a decrease in motivation to a decrease in cognitive abilities. A study also explains that aerobic, resistance or a combination exercise increases several HrQoL components of self-assessment, both physical, appearance, and mental well-being (Collins et al., 2021).
Meanwhile, the field of nursing is one of the studies that can be considered comprehensive. This is because the nursing curriculum prepares graduates to understand many things in their roles and duties as providers of nursing care.
Patterns of stress during college and some life problems tend to result in student stress. Stress in the field of nursing education is known as one of the most important issues in the modern world.
Students tend to experience stress easily due to lifestyle changes (Adik et al., 2020).
If stress occurs, the mood will be disrupted, decreasing motivation. Aerobic gymnastics can have a good impact on stress levels and quality of life in older people (Permadi, 2019). If in the elderly with all the decreased organ function it is effective, then in adolescents and adults the positive effects of aerobic gymnastics will also be felt psychologically.
Motivation for students who take aerobics well and seriously can be seen in concentration, curiosity, enthusiasm, passion, independence, readiness, and self-confidence. So it is not excessive if aerobic gymnastics besides having a positive physical impact also has a positive psychosocial impact, one of which is by increasing motivation.
Meanwhile, the field of nursing is one of the studies that can be considered comprehensive. This is because the nursing curriculum prepares graduates to understand many things in their roles and duties as providers of nursing care. Patterns of stress during college and some life problems tend to result in student stress. Stress in the field of nursing education is known as one of the most important issues in the modern world. Students tend to experience stress easily due to lifestyle changes (Adik et al., 2020).
If stress occurs, the mood will be disrupted, decreasing motivation. Aerobic gymnastics can have a good impact on stress levels and quality of life in older people (Permadi, 2019). If in the elderly with all the decreased organ function it is effective, then in adolescents and adults the positive effects of aerobic gymnastics will also be felt psychologically.

CONCUSSION
Aerobic gymnastics can optimize the provision, uptake, and use of oxygen in forming ATP. Sufficient ATP levels at hemostatic levels will have a physical impact on physical fitness and a psychological on student learning motivation.
Researchers recommend implementing aerobic exercise programs to improve students' physical, mental, emotional and learning motivation.