Gambaran Karakteristik Klinis Penderita Covid-19 di Satu Rumah Sakit Rujukan Covid-19 di Tangerang: Studi Dokumentasi
Keywords:
COVID-19, Karakteristik klinis pasien COVID-19, Manifestasi klinis
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Infeksi COVID-19 menyebabkan beragam manifestasi klinis mulai tanpa gejala hingga gejala berat yang mengancam nyawa. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui gambaran karakteristik klinis pada pasien COVID-19 di Satu Rumah Sakit Rujukan COVID-19 di Tangerang. Metodologi Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi retrospektif. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat. Teknik pengambilan sampling menggunakan random sampling dengan rumus Slovin dengan hasil 103 sampel dari medical record di Satu Rumah Sakit Rujukan COVID-19 di Tangerang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar checklist sesuai dengan IMR pasien. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif (univariat). Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan jenis kelamin didominasi oleh perempuan 53 pasien (51,5%), kelompok usia terbanyak yaitu kelompok usia manula (>65tahun) 38 pasien (36,9%),
penyakit komorbid yang sering ditemui yaitu DM dan Hipertensi, pasien pernah melakukan riwayat kontak 47 pasien (45,6%), 94 pasien (91,3%) mengatakan tidak melakukan perjalanan, 56 pasien (54,4%) belum sama sekali menerima vaksin COVID-19, 85 pasien (82,5%) memiliki gejala batuk, berdasarkan pemeriksaan penunjang 103 pasien (100%) dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pada penelitian ini variabel yang paling mempengaruhi kondisi pasien COVID-
19 yaitu usia dan penyakit komorbid. Oleh karena itu, peneliti selanjutnya dapat melanjutkan penelitian ini ke penelitian yang bersifat bivariat.
References
Arbar, T. F. (2021). Data WHO, 3 Varian Covid yang Menular Menyebar di Indonesia. CNBC
Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20211118121501-4-292492/data-who-3-
varian-covid-yang-menular-menyebar-di-indonesia
Chen, T. L., Dai, Z., Mo, P., Li, X., Ma, Z., Song, S., Chen, X., Luo, M., Liang, K., Gao, S., Zhang,
Y., Deng, L., Xiong, Y., & Newman, A. (2020). Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of
Older Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A SingleCentered, Retrospective Study. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and
Medical Sciences, 75(9), 1788–1795. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa089
CNN Indonesia. (2021). Lonjakan Covid-19 Usai Lebaran 2021 Lebih Tinggi dari 2020. CNN
Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210617172603-20-655831/lonjakancovid-19-usai-lebaran-2021-lebih-tinggi-dari-2020
Drew, C., & Adisasmita, A. C. (2021). Gejala dan komorbid yang memengaruhi mortalitas pasien
positif COVID-19 di Jakarta Timur, Maret-September 2020. Tarumanagara Medical
Journal, 3(2), 274–283.
Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Lizon-Ferrufino, N. F., Maldonado-Alanoca, A., Alarcón-De-la-vega,
G., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Balderrama-Saavedra, M. A., Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, D., &
Rodríguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). Risk factors for mortality in patients with coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia: An analysis of the first 107 confirmed cases. Infezioni
in Medicina, 28(2), 238–242.
Fleming, J., & Zegwaard, K. E. (2018). Methodologies, methods and ethical considerations for
conducting research in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated
Learning, 19(3), 205–213.
Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Hui, D. S. C., Du,
B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K.-Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., … Zhong,
N. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England
Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708–1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2002032
Hastono, S. P. (2016). Analisa data bidang kesehatan. 1–212.
Hidayani, W. R. (2020). Faktor Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan COVID 19 : Literature
Review.
Jurnal Untuk Masyarakat Sehat (JUKMAS),
4(2), 120–134.
https://doi.org/10.52643/jukmas.v4i2.1015
James Gallagher. (2021). Virus corona terus bermutasi, apakah akhirnya akan muncul varian
“mahakuat”? BBC NEWS. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-57468557
Kemenkes. (2017). Pedoman dan standar etik penelitian dan pengembangan kesehatan nasional.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 1–158.
Kemenkes. (2020). Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).
Germas, 0–115.
Kemenkes RI. (2021a). Situasi Covid-19. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkes RI. (2021b). Situasi Terkini Perkembangan Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) 20
Agustus 2021. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
https://covid19.kemkes.go.id/situasi-infeksi-emerging/situasi-terkini-perkembangancoronavirus-disease-covid-19-20-agustus-2021
Kemenkes RI. (2021c). Studi Terbaru: Vaksin COVID-19 Efektif Mencegah Perawatan dan
Kematian. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20210812/4238277/studi-terbaruvaksin-covid-19-efektif-mencegah-perawatan-dan-kematian/
Levani, Prastya, & Mawaddatunnadila. (2021). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19):
Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis dan Pilihan Terapi. Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 17(1),
44–57.
Lim, S., Bae, J. H., Kwon, H. S., & Nauck, M. A. (2021). COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from
pathophysiology to clinical management. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 17(1), 11–30.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00435-4
Lin, D.-Y., Gu, Y., Wheeler, B., Young, H., Holloway, S., Sunny, S.-K., Moore, Z., & Zeng, D.
(2022). Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines over a 9-Month Period in North Carolina. New
England Journal of Medicine, 386(10), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2117128
Lippi, G., Wong, J., & Henry, B. M. (2020). Hypertension in patients with coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 130(4), 304–
309. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15272
Magdalena, Sugiri, Y. J., Tantular, R., & Listyoko, A. (2021). Karakteristik Klinis Pasien COVID-
19 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia, 41(1), 7–10.
Merdeka News. (2021). Data Terkini Kasus Covid-19 Selama Agustus 2021 di Indonesia.
Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/data-terkini-kasus-covid-19-selama-agustus-2021-di-indonesia.html
Minuljo, T. T., Prima, Y., Anindita, C., Nugroho, H., Seno, H., Gde, T., Pemayun, D., Achsan,
M., & Sofro, U. (2020). Karakteristik dan Keluaran Pasien COVID-19 dengan DM di RS
Umum Pusat Dr . Kariadi. Medica Hospitalia, 7(1A), 150–158.
Mus, R., Thaslifa, T., Abbas, M., & Sunaidi, Y. (2021). Studi Literatur: Tinjauan
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Pasien COVID-19. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 5(4),
242. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.58741
Nanda, C. C. S., Indaryati, S., & Koerniawan, D. (2021). Pengaruh Komorbid Hipertensi dan
Diabetes Mellitus terhadap Kejadian COVID-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Florence Nightingale,
4(2), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.52774/jkfn.v4i2.72
Ndera, M. L., Supriyatni, N., & Rahayu, A. (2021). Faktor Komorbid terhadap Covid-19 di
Puskesmas Kota Tahun 2020.
Jurnal Biosainstek,
3(2), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.52046/biosainstek.v3i2.723
Oh, S. J., Lee, J. K., & Shin, O. S. (2019). Aging and the immune system: The impact of
immunosenescence on viral infection, immunity and vaccine immunogenicity. Immune
Network, 19(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e37
Rodriguez-morales, A. J., Cardona-ospina, J. A., Gutiérrez-ocampo, E., Holguin-rivera, Y.,
Escalera-antezana, J. P., Alvarado-arnez, L. E., Bonilla-aldana, K., Franco-paredes, C.,
Henao-martinez, A. F., Paniz-, A., Lagos-grisales, G. J., Ramírez-vallejo, E., Suárez, J. A.,
Lysien, I., Villamil-gómez, W. E., Rabaan, A. A., Harapan, H., Dhama, K., Kataoka, H., …
Sah, R. (2020). Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Features of COVID-19: A systematic
review and meta-analysis.
February, 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202002.0378.v1
Salehi, S., Abedi, A., Balakrishnan, S., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. American
Journal of Roentgenology, 215(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23034
Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., Fan, Y., & Zheng, C. (2020). Radiological
findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-
3099(20)30086-4
Sirajuddin, N., Samsualam, & Haeruddin. (2020). Pengaruh Kontak Erat terhadap Kasus Konfirmasi Covid- 19 di Kota Makassar Tahun 2020. Muslim Community Health (JMCH),
100–110.
Ssentongo, P., Ssentongo, A. E., Heilbrunn, E. S., Ba, D. M., & Chinchilli, V. M. (2020).
Association of cardiovascular disease and 10 other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-
19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 15(8 August), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238215
Sulaiman, M. R., & Anggraeni, S. P. (2020, April). Lelaki atau Perempuan, Siapa yang Lebih
Rentan Terinfeksi Virus Corona?
Suara.Com.
https://www.suara.com/health/2020/04/23/175500/lelaki-atau-perempuan-siapa-yang-lebihrentan-terinfeksi-virus-corona
Takahashi, T., Ellingson, M. K., Wong, P., Israelow, B., Lucas, C., Klein, J., Silva, J., Mao, T.,
Oh, J. E., Tokuyama, M., Lu, P., Venkataraman, A., Park, A., Liu, F., Meir, A., Sun, J., Wang,
E. Y., Casanovas-Massana, A., Wyllie, A. L., … Iwasaki, A. (2020). Sex differences in
immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. Nature, 588(7837), 315–320.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3
Velarosdela, R. N. (2021). Awal Mula Varian Delta Masuk ke Jakarta hingga Mendominasi 90
Persen Kasus Covid-19.
KOMPAS.Com.
https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2021/07/15/13220151/awal-mula-varian-deltamasuk-ke-jakarta-hingga-mendominasi-90-persen?page=4
Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. (2020). Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(4), 441–447.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25689
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization.
WHO. (2021). QA how is COVID-19 transmitted. World Health Organization.
https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa/qa-how-is-covid-19-transmitted
Widjaja, J. T., Kwee, L., Giantara, A. K., Suabgiyo, H. A., Edwin, C., & Putri, R. L. (2021).
Karakteristik Pasien COVID-19 Rawat Inap di RS Immanuel Bandung, Indonesia. Journal of
Medicine and Health, 3(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v3i2.3781
Xu, G., Ye, M., Zhao, J., Liu, F., & Ma, W. (2020). New view on older adults with COVID-19:
comments on “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding
pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes.” GeroScience, 42(5), 1225–1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00232-x
Zheng, Z., Peng, F., Xu, B., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Peng, J., Li, Q., Jiang, C., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Ye, C.,
Zhang, P., Xing, Y., Guo, H., & Tang, W. (2020). Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-
19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection, 81(2), e16–
e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20211118121501-4-292492/data-who-3-
varian-covid-yang-menular-menyebar-di-indonesia
Chen, T. L., Dai, Z., Mo, P., Li, X., Ma, Z., Song, S., Chen, X., Luo, M., Liang, K., Gao, S., Zhang,
Y., Deng, L., Xiong, Y., & Newman, A. (2020). Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of
Older Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A SingleCentered, Retrospective Study. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and
Medical Sciences, 75(9), 1788–1795. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa089
CNN Indonesia. (2021). Lonjakan Covid-19 Usai Lebaran 2021 Lebih Tinggi dari 2020. CNN
Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210617172603-20-655831/lonjakancovid-19-usai-lebaran-2021-lebih-tinggi-dari-2020
Drew, C., & Adisasmita, A. C. (2021). Gejala dan komorbid yang memengaruhi mortalitas pasien
positif COVID-19 di Jakarta Timur, Maret-September 2020. Tarumanagara Medical
Journal, 3(2), 274–283.
Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Lizon-Ferrufino, N. F., Maldonado-Alanoca, A., Alarcón-De-la-vega,
G., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Balderrama-Saavedra, M. A., Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, D., &
Rodríguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). Risk factors for mortality in patients with coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia: An analysis of the first 107 confirmed cases. Infezioni
in Medicina, 28(2), 238–242.
Fleming, J., & Zegwaard, K. E. (2018). Methodologies, methods and ethical considerations for
conducting research in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated
Learning, 19(3), 205–213.
Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Hui, D. S. C., Du,
B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K.-Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., … Zhong,
N. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England
Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708–1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2002032
Hastono, S. P. (2016). Analisa data bidang kesehatan. 1–212.
Hidayani, W. R. (2020). Faktor Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan COVID 19 : Literature
Review.
Jurnal Untuk Masyarakat Sehat (JUKMAS),
4(2), 120–134.
https://doi.org/10.52643/jukmas.v4i2.1015
James Gallagher. (2021). Virus corona terus bermutasi, apakah akhirnya akan muncul varian
“mahakuat”? BBC NEWS. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-57468557
Kemenkes. (2017). Pedoman dan standar etik penelitian dan pengembangan kesehatan nasional.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 1–158.
Kemenkes. (2020). Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).
Germas, 0–115.
Kemenkes RI. (2021a). Situasi Covid-19. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkes RI. (2021b). Situasi Terkini Perkembangan Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) 20
Agustus 2021. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
https://covid19.kemkes.go.id/situasi-infeksi-emerging/situasi-terkini-perkembangancoronavirus-disease-covid-19-20-agustus-2021
Kemenkes RI. (2021c). Studi Terbaru: Vaksin COVID-19 Efektif Mencegah Perawatan dan
Kematian. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20210812/4238277/studi-terbaruvaksin-covid-19-efektif-mencegah-perawatan-dan-kematian/
Levani, Prastya, & Mawaddatunnadila. (2021). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19):
Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis dan Pilihan Terapi. Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 17(1),
44–57.
Lim, S., Bae, J. H., Kwon, H. S., & Nauck, M. A. (2021). COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from
pathophysiology to clinical management. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 17(1), 11–30.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00435-4
Lin, D.-Y., Gu, Y., Wheeler, B., Young, H., Holloway, S., Sunny, S.-K., Moore, Z., & Zeng, D.
(2022). Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines over a 9-Month Period in North Carolina. New
England Journal of Medicine, 386(10), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2117128
Lippi, G., Wong, J., & Henry, B. M. (2020). Hypertension in patients with coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 130(4), 304–
309. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15272
Magdalena, Sugiri, Y. J., Tantular, R., & Listyoko, A. (2021). Karakteristik Klinis Pasien COVID-
19 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia, 41(1), 7–10.
Merdeka News. (2021). Data Terkini Kasus Covid-19 Selama Agustus 2021 di Indonesia.
Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/data-terkini-kasus-covid-19-selama-agustus-2021-di-indonesia.html
Minuljo, T. T., Prima, Y., Anindita, C., Nugroho, H., Seno, H., Gde, T., Pemayun, D., Achsan,
M., & Sofro, U. (2020). Karakteristik dan Keluaran Pasien COVID-19 dengan DM di RS
Umum Pusat Dr . Kariadi. Medica Hospitalia, 7(1A), 150–158.
Mus, R., Thaslifa, T., Abbas, M., & Sunaidi, Y. (2021). Studi Literatur: Tinjauan
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Pasien COVID-19. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 5(4),
242. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.58741
Nanda, C. C. S., Indaryati, S., & Koerniawan, D. (2021). Pengaruh Komorbid Hipertensi dan
Diabetes Mellitus terhadap Kejadian COVID-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Florence Nightingale,
4(2), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.52774/jkfn.v4i2.72
Ndera, M. L., Supriyatni, N., & Rahayu, A. (2021). Faktor Komorbid terhadap Covid-19 di
Puskesmas Kota Tahun 2020.
Jurnal Biosainstek,
3(2), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.52046/biosainstek.v3i2.723
Oh, S. J., Lee, J. K., & Shin, O. S. (2019). Aging and the immune system: The impact of
immunosenescence on viral infection, immunity and vaccine immunogenicity. Immune
Network, 19(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e37
Rodriguez-morales, A. J., Cardona-ospina, J. A., Gutiérrez-ocampo, E., Holguin-rivera, Y.,
Escalera-antezana, J. P., Alvarado-arnez, L. E., Bonilla-aldana, K., Franco-paredes, C.,
Henao-martinez, A. F., Paniz-, A., Lagos-grisales, G. J., Ramírez-vallejo, E., Suárez, J. A.,
Lysien, I., Villamil-gómez, W. E., Rabaan, A. A., Harapan, H., Dhama, K., Kataoka, H., …
Sah, R. (2020). Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Features of COVID-19: A systematic
review and meta-analysis.
February, 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202002.0378.v1
Salehi, S., Abedi, A., Balakrishnan, S., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. American
Journal of Roentgenology, 215(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23034
Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., Fan, Y., & Zheng, C. (2020). Radiological
findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-
3099(20)30086-4
Sirajuddin, N., Samsualam, & Haeruddin. (2020). Pengaruh Kontak Erat terhadap Kasus Konfirmasi Covid- 19 di Kota Makassar Tahun 2020. Muslim Community Health (JMCH),
100–110.
Ssentongo, P., Ssentongo, A. E., Heilbrunn, E. S., Ba, D. M., & Chinchilli, V. M. (2020).
Association of cardiovascular disease and 10 other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-
19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 15(8 August), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238215
Sulaiman, M. R., & Anggraeni, S. P. (2020, April). Lelaki atau Perempuan, Siapa yang Lebih
Rentan Terinfeksi Virus Corona?
Suara.Com.
https://www.suara.com/health/2020/04/23/175500/lelaki-atau-perempuan-siapa-yang-lebihrentan-terinfeksi-virus-corona
Takahashi, T., Ellingson, M. K., Wong, P., Israelow, B., Lucas, C., Klein, J., Silva, J., Mao, T.,
Oh, J. E., Tokuyama, M., Lu, P., Venkataraman, A., Park, A., Liu, F., Meir, A., Sun, J., Wang,
E. Y., Casanovas-Massana, A., Wyllie, A. L., … Iwasaki, A. (2020). Sex differences in
immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. Nature, 588(7837), 315–320.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3
Velarosdela, R. N. (2021). Awal Mula Varian Delta Masuk ke Jakarta hingga Mendominasi 90
Persen Kasus Covid-19.
KOMPAS.Com.
https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2021/07/15/13220151/awal-mula-varian-deltamasuk-ke-jakarta-hingga-mendominasi-90-persen?page=4
Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. (2020). Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(4), 441–447.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25689
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization.
WHO. (2021). QA how is COVID-19 transmitted. World Health Organization.
https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa/qa-how-is-covid-19-transmitted
Widjaja, J. T., Kwee, L., Giantara, A. K., Suabgiyo, H. A., Edwin, C., & Putri, R. L. (2021).
Karakteristik Pasien COVID-19 Rawat Inap di RS Immanuel Bandung, Indonesia. Journal of
Medicine and Health, 3(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v3i2.3781
Xu, G., Ye, M., Zhao, J., Liu, F., & Ma, W. (2020). New view on older adults with COVID-19:
comments on “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding
pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes.” GeroScience, 42(5), 1225–1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00232-x
Zheng, Z., Peng, F., Xu, B., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Peng, J., Li, Q., Jiang, C., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Ye, C.,
Zhang, P., Xing, Y., Guo, H., & Tang, W. (2020). Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-
19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection, 81(2), e16–
e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
Published
2022-06-27
How to Cite
Guines, A., Hutapea, A. N., & Kelmaskosu, R. M. (2022). Gambaran Karakteristik Klinis Penderita Covid-19 di Satu Rumah Sakit Rujukan Covid-19 di Tangerang: Studi Dokumentasi. Journal of Bionursing, 4(2), 92-103. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bion.2022.4.2.138
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 Ana Guines
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.png)
